AC-05 Separation of Duties
Access Control
Moderate High
Description
a. Identify and document [Assignment: organization-defined duties of individuals requiring separation]; and b. Define system access authorizations to support separation of duties.
Supplemental Guidance
Separation of duties addresses the potential for abuse of authorized privileges and helps to reduce the risk of malevolent activity without collusion. Separation of duties includes dividing mission or business functions and support functions among different individuals or roles, conducting system support functions with different individuals, and ensuring that security personnel who administer access control functions do not also administer audit functions. Because separation of duty violations can span systems and application domains, organizations consider the entirety of systems and system components when developing policy on separation of duties. Separation of duties is enforced through the account management activities in AC-2, access control mechanisms in AC-3, and identity management activities in IA-2, IA-4, and IA-12.
Changes from Rev 4
Revises parameter to identify and document duties of individuals requiring separation Adds reference to multiple systems and organizations, and that separation of duties policy should span systems and application domains. Adds reference to AC-02 and AC-03 as enforcement mechanisms.
Patterns that use this control (15)
Grouped by the emphasis each pattern gives it.
Critical (4)
Important (10)
- SP-002 Server Module
- SP-013 Data Security Pattern
- SP-029 Zero Trust Architecture
- SP-034 Cyber Resilience
- SP-037 Privileged User Management
- SP-044 SaaS Identity Lifecycle Management
- SP-045 AI Governance and Responsible AI
- SP-049 AI in Security Operations (draft)
- SP-051 Tokenised Asset Security Architecture (draft)
- SP-053 Zero-Knowledge Proof Architecture (draft)
Standard (1)
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (165)
ATT&CK v20.0Techniques this control mitigates in the CTID mapping of SP 800-53, made for ATT&CK 16.1 and carried to v20.0. See them all in the ATT&CK matrix.
Initial Access 6 Execution 26 Persistence 50 Privilege Escalation 43 Stealth 32 Defense Impairment 27 Credential Access 32 Discovery 4 Lateral Movement 15 Collection 8 Exfiltration 1 Impact 3
Show all 165 techniques grouped by tactic
Initial Access
Execution
T1047 Windows Management Instrumentation T1053 Scheduled Task/Job T1053.002 At T1053.003 Cron T1053.005 Scheduled Task T1053.006 Systemd Timers T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter T1059.001 PowerShell T1059.008 Network Device CLI T1072 Software Deployment Tools T1197 BITS Jobs T1559 Inter-Process Communication T1559.001 Component Object Model T1569 System Services T1569.001 Launchctl T1569.002 Service Execution T1574 Hijack Execution Flow T1574.004 Dylib Hijacking T1574.005 Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable T1574.008 Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking T1574.009 Path Interception by Unquoted Path T1574.010 Services File Permissions Weakness T1574.012 COR_PROFILER T1609 Container Administration Command
Persistence
T1053 Scheduled Task/Job T1053.002 At T1053.003 Cron T1053.005 Scheduled Task T1053.006 Systemd Timers T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job T1078 Valid Accounts T1078.001 Default Accounts T1078.002 Domain Accounts T1078.003 Local Accounts T1078.004 Cloud Accounts T1098 Account Manipulation T1098.001 Additional Cloud Credentials T1098.002 Additional Email Delegate Permissions T1098.003 Additional Cloud Roles T1098.004 SSH Authorized Keys T1098.005 Device Registration T1098.007 Additional Local or Domain Groups T1136 Create Account T1136.001 Local Account T1136.002 Domain Account T1136.003 Cloud Account T1197 BITS Jobs T1505 Server Software Component T1505.002 Transport Agent T1505.003 Web Shell T1505.005 Terminal Services DLL T1525 Implant Internal Image T1542 Pre-OS Boot T1542.001 System Firmware T1542.003 Bootkit T1542.005 TFTP Boot T1543 Create or Modify System Process T1543.001 Launch Agent T1543.002 Systemd Service T1543.003 Windows Service T1543.004 Launch Daemon T1543.005 Container Service T1546.003 Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription T1547.004 Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.006 Kernel Modules and Extensions T1547.009 Shortcut Modification T1547.012 Print Processors T1547.013 XDG Autostart Entries T1556 Modify Authentication Process T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication T1556.003 Pluggable Authentication Modules T1556.004 Network Device Authentication T1556.005 Reversible Encryption T1556.009 Conditional Access Policies
Privilege Escalation
T1053 Scheduled Task/Job T1053.002 At T1053.003 Cron T1053.005 Scheduled Task T1053.006 Systemd Timers T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job T1055 Process Injection T1055.008 Ptrace System Calls T1078 Valid Accounts T1078.001 Default Accounts T1078.002 Domain Accounts T1078.003 Local Accounts T1078.004 Cloud Accounts T1098 Account Manipulation T1098.001 Additional Cloud Credentials T1098.002 Additional Email Delegate Permissions T1098.003 Additional Cloud Roles T1098.004 SSH Authorized Keys T1098.005 Device Registration T1098.007 Additional Local or Domain Groups T1134 Access Token Manipulation T1134.001 Token Impersonation/Theft T1134.002 Create Process with Token T1134.003 Make and Impersonate Token T1134.005 SID-History Injection T1484 Domain or Tenant Policy Modification T1543 Create or Modify System Process T1543.001 Launch Agent T1543.002 Systemd Service T1543.003 Windows Service T1543.004 Launch Daemon T1543.005 Container Service T1546.003 Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription T1547.004 Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.006 Kernel Modules and Extensions T1547.009 Shortcut Modification T1547.012 Print Processors T1547.013 XDG Autostart Entries T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism T1548.002 Bypass User Account Control T1548.003 Sudo and Sudo Caching T1548.006 TCC Manipulation T1611 Escape to Host
Stealth
T1055 Process Injection T1055.008 Ptrace System Calls T1070 Indicator Removal T1070.003 Clear Command History T1070.007 Clear Network Connection History and Configurations T1070.008 Clear Mailbox Data T1070.009 Clear Persistence T1078 Valid Accounts T1078.001 Default Accounts T1078.002 Domain Accounts T1078.003 Local Accounts T1078.004 Cloud Accounts T1134 Access Token Manipulation T1134.001 Token Impersonation/Theft T1134.002 Create Process with Token T1134.003 Make and Impersonate Token T1134.005 SID-History Injection T1197 BITS Jobs T1218 System Binary Proxy Execution T1218.007 Msiexec T1542 Pre-OS Boot T1542.001 System Firmware T1542.003 Bootkit T1542.005 TFTP Boot T1574 Hijack Execution Flow T1574.004 Dylib Hijacking T1574.005 Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable T1574.008 Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking T1574.009 Path Interception by Unquoted Path T1574.010 Services File Permissions Weakness T1574.012 COR_PROFILER
Defense Impairment
T1222 File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222.001 Windows Permissions T1222.002 Linux and Mac Permissions T1484 Domain or Tenant Policy Modification T1556 Modify Authentication Process T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication T1556.003 Pluggable Authentication Modules T1556.004 Network Device Authentication T1556.005 Reversible Encryption T1556.009 Conditional Access Policies T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure T1578.001 Create Snapshot T1578.002 Create Cloud Instance T1578.003 Delete Cloud Instance T1599 Network Boundary Bridging T1599.001 Network Address Translation Traversal T1601 Modify System Image T1601.001 Patch System Image T1601.002 Downgrade System Image T1685 Disable or Modify Tools T1685.001 Disable or Modify Windows Event Log T1685.002 Disable or Modify Cloud Log T1685.005 Clear Windows Event Logs T1685.006 Clear Linux or Mac System Logs T1686 Disable or Modify System Firewall T1686.001 Cloud Firewall T1688 Safe Mode Boot
Credential Access
T1003 OS Credential Dumping T1003.001 LSASS Memory T1003.002 Security Account Manager T1003.003 NTDS T1003.004 LSA Secrets T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials T1003.006 DCSync T1003.007 Proc Filesystem T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow T1056.003 Web Portal Capture T1110 Brute Force T1110.001 Password Guessing T1110.002 Password Cracking T1110.003 Password Spraying T1110.004 Credential Stuffing T1528 Steal Application Access Token T1552 Unsecured Credentials T1552.001 Credentials In Files T1552.002 Credentials in Registry T1552.006 Group Policy Preferences T1552.007 Container API T1556 Modify Authentication Process T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication T1556.003 Pluggable Authentication Modules T1556.004 Network Device Authentication T1556.005 Reversible Encryption T1556.009 Conditional Access Policies T1558 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets T1558.001 Golden Ticket T1558.002 Silver Ticket T1558.003 Kerberoasting T1606 Forge Web Credentials
Discovery
Lateral Movement
T1021 Remote Services T1021.001 Remote Desktop Protocol T1021.002 SMB/Windows Admin Shares T1021.003 Distributed Component Object Model T1021.004 SSH T1021.006 Windows Remote Management T1021.007 Cloud Services T1072 Software Deployment Tools T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services T1550 Use Alternate Authentication Material T1550.002 Pass the Hash T1550.003 Pass the Ticket T1563 Remote Service Session Hijacking T1563.001 SSH Hijacking T1563.002 RDP Hijacking
Collection
Exfiltration
Compliance Mappings
ISO 27001:2022
A.5.3
ISO 27002:2022
5.38.2
COBIT 2019
DSS05DSS06
CIS Controls v8
CIS 5
NIST CSF 2.0
PR.AA-05
SOC 2 TSC
CC5.1CC6.6CC6.6-POF2
PCI DSS v4.0.1
7.2
CSA CCM v4
IAM-04IAM-09
CSA AICM v1
IAM-04IAM-09IAM-19
ISO 42001:2023
A.3.2
NIST AI RMF 1.0
GOVERN 3.2
IEC 62443
3-3 SR 1.3
NIS2 Directive
Art. 21(2)(i)
MAS TRM
9
BSI IT-Grundschutz
OPS.1.1.2ORP.1ORP.4
ANSSI
Hygiene.15Hygiene.17SecNumCloud.10.4
FINMA Circular 2023/1
IV.B.d(59)IV.B.d(60)
OSFI B-13
B-13.1.1B-13.3.2
EU GDPR
Art.5(1)(f)Art.24(1)Art.32(1)(b)
EU DORA
Art.9(4)(c)Art.9(4)(d)
BIO2
5.38.2
RBI CSF
Annex1.8ITGRCA.19
FISC Security Guidelines
FISC.T2
LGPD + BCB 4893
BCB.Art.3LGPD.Art.46
HKMA TM-E-1
TME1.8.1TME1.8.2
MLPS 2.0
8.1.4.28.1.10.4
DNB Good Practice
DNB.7.1DNB.17.2
SWIFT CSCF
SWIFT.1.2SWIFT.5.1
SAMA CSF
1.53.1
NCA ECC
2-2
UAE IA
T9
CBB TM
TM-6
Qatar NIA
AC
CBUAE
CR-4
CBE CSF
CD-1CTO-1
SA JS2
JS2-7.1
CBN CSF
Part3.2Part9
BoG CISD
CISD-VIII
POPIA
s19
BoM CTRM
3.3
IOSCO Cyber Resilience
PROT-1
BCBS 239
Principle 1
CPMI-IOSCO PFMI
CG.PR
FFIEC IS
II.C.7II.C.7(b)II.C.7(c)
NYDFS 500
500.7
HIPAA Security Rule
§164.308(a)(3)(i)§164.308(a)(3)(ii)(A)§164.308(a)(4)(i)§164.308(a)(4)(ii)(A)§164.308(a)(4)(ii)(C)§164.312(a)(1)
ECB CROE
CROE.2.3.1
EBA ICT Guidelines
3.4.2
SEBI CSCRF
PR.AA
BOT Cyber Resilience
Ch2.2
CMMC 2.0
AC
10 CFR 73.54
RG5.71-A-AC
TSA Pipeline SD
SD-2 Sec B
IEEE 1686-2022
5.1
DOE C2M2 v2.1
ACCESS
API 1164
Sec 6
IAEA NSS 17-T
Sec 5.3
FIPS 140-3
FIPS 140-3 §7.4
PCI HSM
156
Common Criteria
CC Part 2 — FDPCC Part 2 — FMT
ISAE 3402
Clause 4
Solvency II
EIOPA-ICT-4.4
Lloyd's Minimum Standards
MS2.1MS5.1MS8.3
NAIC Insurance Data Security
4-access4B
PRA SS1/23
P2.2P2.4P4.1P-IT.1
FCA SYSC 13
SYSC 13.6.2SYSC 13.7.3
HITRUST CSF v11
01.a
FDA 21 CFR Part 11
§11.10(d)§11.10(g)
ISO 27799
9.3
NHS DSPT
NDG-4.1NDG-4.4
CCSS v9.0
1.02.21.04.31.05.3
MiCA
Art.36(1)Art.63(2)Art.65(1)Art.86(1)Art.92(1)
Basel SCO60
SCO60.55SCO60.60SCO60.61SCO60.62SCO60.63SCO60.66
BSSC Standards
GSP-11KMS-04KMS-06
SEC Custody (Digital Assets)
SEC-CD-02SEC-CD-03SEC-CD-04SEC-CD-05SEC-CD-16SEC-CD-19
ISO 17799 (legacy)
10.1.310.6.110.10.1
COBIT 4.1 (legacy)
PO4.11